Guar,or cluster bean, (Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba (L.) Taub) is a drought-tolerant annual legume crop. Guar
is being grown in India since ancient time and the Tender Green Guar is
an important source of nutrition to animals and humans and is consumed
as a vegetable and cattle feed The Guar legume plant is an agricultural
product grown in arid zones of west and North West India and parts of
Pakistan.
Gaur Extracts
- Extracts from Gaur seed accounts for - Gaur Split/Gum- 29% (+/-
4% variance)
- The ratio of Churi and Korma varies from 30% to 41% depending
upon the quality of the seed.
- Split/Gum is further refined to Guar Powder
- Churi and Korma are used as Cattle Feed
Note - India accounts for 80% of the total guar produced in
the world.
Gaur producing states in India
- Rajasthan - 70% of total produced in India.
- Gujarat
- Haryana
- Punjab
- Uttar Pradesh
- Madhya Pradesh
Gaur producing countries
Export from India
- USA
- European countries
- Guar production areawise
| Details/ Year wise |
1998-99 |
1999-00 |
2000-01 |
2001-02 |
2002-03 |
2003-04 |
| Gross area under
cultivation* (lac ha) |
16.12 |
26.48 |
30.56 |
24.13 |
5.56 |
20 |
| Production *(lac tons) |
3.2 |
2.32 |
4.81 |
7.63 |
0.28 |
6 |
| Yield* ( Kg/ha) |
NA |
NA |
NA |
316 |
50 |
300 |
| All India production (lac
tons) @ |
4.5 |
3.31 |
6.81 |
10.9 |
0.4 |
8.57 |
| Value (Rs crore)^ |
495 |
364 |
749 |
1199 |
44 |
942 |
- * The details are for the state of Rajasthan. Source: NABARD
- @ Assumption of 70% of the crop production is from Rajasthan.
- Estimated at current market value of Rs 1100 per quintal
Pricing Pattern
Guar seed has shelf life of more than 3 years without losing out on any
of its properties or qualities. It requires the barest minimum
maintenance and handling environment. The price range of Guar seed
ranges from Rs 850/- per qtl to Rs 6500/- qtl.
Market Estimate
Based on the prevailing market price, the cost and volume of trade of
the potential Guar market has been arrived at based on the 2003-04
estimated production of 85.7 lac quintals of Guar seeds and is valued at
Rs 1002.83 crores.
| Product |
Approx % |
Price per qtl |
Quantity estimate (lakh
quintals) |
Amount (Rs crore) |
| Churi |
30 |
Rs 520 |
25.71 |
133.69 |
| Korma |
37 |
Rs 625 |
31.71 |
198.19 |
| Split/Gum |
29 |
Rs 2700 |
24.85 |
670.95 |
| Total |
|
|
|
1002.83 |
Properties of Guar Powder
Guar Gum Refine Splits is the sole raw material for processing Guar Gum
Powder for pharmaceutical and Food grade material. The properties of
Guar Powder, which make it useful in various applications, are -
- Easy solubility in cold and hot water
- Film forming property
- Resistance to oils, greases and solvent
- Better thickening agent
- Water binding capacity
- High viscosity
- Functioning at low temperatures
Various Industrial applications of Guar Powder
- Food, pet-food, nutritional products and pharmaceuticals.
- Personal care products.
- Household products.
- Paints.
- Textiles and carpets.
- Mining and flocculation.
- Oils, gas and other deep well operations.
- Paper.
- Building and construction products.
- Explosives.
- Foundries and Ceramics.
- Industrial cleaners and related formulations.
- Agricultural formulations and applications.
General Characteristics
- Guar, or clusterbean, (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub), is the
source of a natural hydrocolloid, which is cold water soluble
forming thick solutions at low concentrations
- The guar seed consists of three parts: the germ, the endosperm,
and the husk. It is from the endosperm that guar gum is derived. 100
Kilos of beans, minus their bean pods yields roughly 29 kilos of
endosperm; 29 kilos of Guar powder.
- Industrially it is used in mining, petroleum drilling and
textile manufacturing.
- In food it is used as a thickener and as a mean of preventing ice
crystal formation in frozen desserts.
Supply Scenario
- India is the major producer of Guar Seed followed by Pakistan and
US. India's guarseed production fluctuates between years and has
been around 2-6 lakh tons in the recent years. India's guar
production in 2003, is estimated at around 6 lakh tons.
- India accounts for 80% of the total guar produced in the world.
70% of India's production comes from Rajasthan. The other producers
are Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
- Taking the US, Australian, African crop the total world supply
of Guar Split is around 4-5 lakh tons in a normal year. It may even
increase to 8 lakh tons as has been visible in 2003-04.
- Guar is a crop of semi arid - sub tropical areas spread over the
north and north west of India and east and south east of Pakistan.
It is grown in arid zones of Rajasthan, some parts of Gujarat,
Harayana, Madhya Pradesh. The main guar-growing region in India is
Rajasthan.
- Guar is a rain fed monsoon crop, which requires 8-15 inch of
rain in 3-4 spells and is harvested in October - November. It is
sown immediately after first showers say in July and harvested
around November each year. The crop yield is directly related to the
monsoon. It requires a relative long growing season of 20-25 weeks.
Demand Scenario
- World market for guar gum is estimated to be around 150,000
tons/year, 70% of which is produced by India and Pakistan.
- US consumption is estimated to be around 40,000 tons/year.
- The export from India is around 115,000 tons and the domestic
market is of around 25,000 tons.
- India exported 33000 tons of guar gum refined split and 84000
tons of guar gum treated and pulverized in 2002-03, which together
accounts for an export of 117000 tons of guargum exports valued
above Rs. 300 crores.
- The main demand of guar seed originates from the US petroleum
industry and also the oil fields of Middle East.
Market Influencing Factors
- The production is directly related to monsoon. In Rajasthan, the
rainfall fluctuates between years and thus results in high
volatility in production and consequently on prices.
- While the demand is almost constant over the years, supply varies
largely between years.
- The physical market of the commodity involves speculators and
stockists.The commodity is subjected to a long storage period based
on demand and market prices.
- There are no Government rules and regulations governing the
production, distribution, marketing, exports or imports of the
commodity and the market forces determine the prices.
Geographic/Agronomic suitability
Guar grows best in sandy soils and it needs moderate, intermittent
rainfall with lots of sunshine. Too much precipitation can cause the
plants to become more leafy, thereby reducing the number of pods and/or
the number of seeds per pod which affects the size and yield of the
seeds. Guar is a rain fed monsoon crop, which requires 8-15 inch of rain
in 3-4 spell and is generally sown after the monsoon rainfall in the
second half of July to early August and is harvested in October -
November. Guar requires 2 rainfalls before sowing, one rainfall when the
crop buds and one rainfall when the crop comes up well and blossoming
starts.