GAUR
|
Guar,or cluster
bean, (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub) is a drought-tolerant annual
legume crop. Guar is being grown in India since ancient time and the
Tender Green Guar is an important source of nutrition to animals and
humans and is consumed as a vegetable and cattle feed The Guar legume
plant is an agricultural product grown in arid zones of west and North
West India and parts of Pakistan.
Gaur Extracts
- Extracts from Gaur seed accounts
for - Gaur Split/Gum- 29% (+/- 4% variance)
- The ratio of Churi and Korma
varies from 30% to 41% depending upon the quality of the seed.
- Split/Gum is further refined to
Guar Powder
- Churi and Korma are used as Cattle
Feed
Note - India accounts for 80% of
the total guar produced in the world.
Gaur producing states in India
- Rajasthan - 70% of total produced
in India.
- Gujarat
- Haryana
- Punjab
- Uttar Pradesh
- Madhya Pradesh
Gaur producing countries
Export from India
- USA
- European countries
- Guar production areawise
| Details/ Year wise |
1998-99 |
1999-00 |
2000-01 |
2001-02 |
2002-03 |
2003-04 |
| Gross area under
cultivation* (lac ha) |
16.12 |
26.48 |
30.56 |
24.13 |
5.56 |
20 |
| Production *(lac tons) |
3.2 |
2.32 |
4.81 |
7.63 |
0.28 |
6 |
| Yield* ( Kg/ha) |
NA |
NA |
NA |
316 |
50 |
300 |
| All India production (lac
tons) @ |
4.5 |
3.31 |
6.81 |
10.9 |
0.4 |
8.57 |
| Value (Rs crore)^ |
495 |
364 |
749 |
1199 |
44 |
942 |
- * The details are for the state of
Rajasthan. Source: NABARD
- @ Assumption of 70% of the crop
production is from Rajasthan.
- Estimated at current market value
of Rs 1100 per quintal
Pricing Pattern
Guar seed has shelf life of more than 3 years without losing out on any
of its properties or qualities. It requires the barest minimum
maintenance and handling environment. The price range of Guar seed
ranges from Rs 850/- per qtl to Rs 6500/- qtl.
Market Estimate
Based on the prevailing market price, the cost and volume of trade of
the potential Guar market has been arrived at based on the 2003-04
estimated production of 85.7 lac quintals of Guar seeds and is valued at
Rs 1002.83 crores.
| Product |
Approx % |
Price per qtl |
Quantity estimate (lakh
quintals) |
Amount (Rs crore) |
| Churi |
30 |
Rs 520 |
25.71 |
133.69 |
| Korma |
37 |
Rs 625 |
31.71 |
198.19 |
| Split/Gum |
29 |
Rs 2700 |
24.85 |
670.95 |
| Total |
|
|
|
1002.83 |
Properties of Guar Powder
Guar Gum Refine Splits is the sole raw material for processing Guar Gum
Powder for pharmaceutical and Food grade material. The properties of
Guar Powder, which make it useful in various applications, are -
- Easy solubility in cold and hot
water
- Film forming property
- Resistance to oils, greases and
solvent
- Better thickening agent
- Water binding capacity
- High viscosity
- Functioning at low temperatures
Various Industrial applications of Guar Powder
- Food, pet-food, nutritional
products and pharmaceuticals.
- Personal care products.
- Household products.
- Paints.
- Textiles and carpets.
- Mining and flocculation.
- Oils, gas and other deep well
operations.
- Paper.
- Building and construction
products.
- Explosives.
- Foundries and Ceramics.
- Industrial cleaners and related
formulations.
- Agricultural formulations and
applications.
General Characteristics
- Guar, or clusterbean, (Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba (L.) Taub), is the source of a natural hydrocolloid,
which is cold water soluble forming thick solutions at low
concentrations
- The guar seed consists of three
parts: the germ, the endosperm, and the husk. It is from the
endosperm that guar gum is derived. 100 Kilos of beans, minus their
bean pods yields roughly 29 kilos of endosperm; 29 kilos of Guar
powder.
- Industrially it is used in mining,
petroleum drilling and textile manufacturing.
- In food it is used as a thickener
and as a mean of preventing ice crystal formation in frozen
desserts.
Supply Scenario
- India is the major producer of Guar
Seed followed by Pakistan and US. India's guarseed production
fluctuates between years and has been around 2-6 lakh tons in the
recent years. India's guar production in 2003, is estimated at
around 6 lakh tons.
- India accounts for 80% of the
total guar produced in the world. 70% of India's production comes
from Rajasthan. The other producers are Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab,
Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
- Taking the US, Australian, African
crop the total world supply of Guar Split is around 4-5 lakh tons in
a normal year. It may even increase to 8 lakh tons as has been
visible in 2003-04.
- Guar is a crop of semi arid - sub
tropical areas spread over the north and north west of India and
east and south east of Pakistan. It is grown in arid zones of
Rajasthan, some parts of Gujarat, Harayana, Madhya Pradesh. The main
guar-growing region in India is Rajasthan.
- Guar is a rain fed monsoon crop,
which requires 8-15 inch of rain in 3-4 spells and is harvested in
October - November. It is sown immediately after first showers say
in July and harvested around November each year. The crop yield is
directly related to the monsoon. It requires a relative long growing
season of 20-25 weeks.
Demand Scenario
- World market for guar gum is
estimated to be around 150,000 tons/year, 70% of which is produced
by India and Pakistan.
- US consumption is estimated to be
around 40,000 tons/year.
- The export from India is around
115,000 tons and the domestic market is of around 25,000 tons.
- India exported 33000 tons of guar
gum refined split and 84000 tons of guar gum treated and pulverized
in 2002-03, which together accounts for an export of 117000 tons of
guargum exports valued above Rs. 300 crores.
- The main demand of guar seed
originates from the US petroleum industry and also the oil fields of
Middle East.
Market Influencing Factors
- The production is directly related
to monsoon. In Rajasthan, the rainfall fluctuates between years and
thus results in high volatility in production and consequently on
prices.
- While the demand is almost constant
over the years, supply varies largely between years.
- The physical market of the
commodity involves speculators and stockists.The commodity is
subjected to a long storage period based on demand and market
prices.
- There are no Government rules and
regulations governing the production, distribution, marketing,
exports or imports of the commodity and the market forces determine
the prices.
Geographic/Agronomic suitability
Guar grows best in sandy soils and it needs moderate, intermittent
rainfall with lots of sunshine. Too much precipitation can cause the
plants to become more leafy, thereby reducing the number of pods and/or
the number of seeds per pod which affects the size and yield of the
seeds. Guar is a rain fed monsoon crop, which requires 8-15 inch of rain
in 3-4 spell and is generally sown after the monsoon rainfall in the
second half of July to early August and is harvested in October -
November. Guar requires 2 rainfalls before sowing, one rainfall when the
crop buds and one rainfall when the crop comes up well and blossoming
starts. |
