MUSTARD
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Mustard a plant of
the genus sinapis, a pod-bearing, shrub-like plant, growing wild, and
also cultivated in gardens. The little round seeds were an emblem of any
small insignificant object. The common mustard of Palestine is the
Sinapis nigra. This garden herb sometimes grows to a considerable
height, so as to be spoken of as "a tree" as compared with
garden herbs.
Mustard producing countries
- China
- Canada
- India
- Germany
- France
- Australia
- Pakistan
- Poland
Mustard producing states in
India
- Rajasthan
- Uttar Pradesh
- West Bengal
- Madhya Pradesh
- Punjab
- Jammu and Kashmir
Mustard spot markets in India
- Hapur
- Alwar
- Bikaner
- Jaipur
Peak arrival period for the
commodity in these markets is March-May. Major portion of the commodity
enters the regulated mandies and is purchased by oilseed crushers.
The prices in the market
Rapeseed prices in the spot market at Hapur, which were at around Rs
12000-13000/ton in 2002, surged to Rs 17000-18000/ton during 2003 owing
to sharp decline in production during the 2002-03 crop season. The
prices were also seen touching Rs 21000-23000/ton mark during the year.
Mustard production area in India
| YEAR |
AREA
(M.HECTS) |
PRODUCTION
(M.TONNES) |
YIELD
(KGS/HECT) |
%
COVERAGE
UNDER IRRIGATION |
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
| 1949-50 |
1.94 |
0.81 |
417 |
|
| 1950-51 |
2.07 |
0.76 |
368 |
. |
| 1951-52 |
2.4 |
0.94 |
393 |
. |
| 1952-53 |
2.11 |
0.86 |
408 |
. |
| 1953-54 |
2.24 |
0.87 |
389 |
. |
| 1954-55 |
2.44 |
1.04 |
425 |
. |
| 1955-56 |
2.56 |
0.86 |
336 |
10.4 |
| 1956-57 |
2.54 |
1.04 |
411 |
13.5 |
| 1957-58 |
2.41 |
0.93 |
387 |
13 |
| 1958-59 |
2.45 |
1.04 |
426 |
13 |
| 1959-60 |
2.91 |
1.06 |
365 |
12.3 |
| 1960-61 |
2.88 |
1.35 |
467 |
12.1 |
| 1961-62 |
3.17 |
1.35 |
425 |
13.2 |
| 1962-63 |
3.13 |
1.3 |
417 |
13.3 |
| 1963-64 |
3.05 |
0.92 |
300 |
16.1 |
| 1964-65 |
2.91 |
1.47 |
507 |
15.2 |
| 1965-66 |
2.91 |
1.3 |
446 |
15.8 |
| 1966-67 |
3.01 |
1.23 |
408 |
20.3 |
| 1967-68 |
3.24 |
1.57 |
483 |
14.8 |
| 1968-69 |
2.87 |
1.35 |
469 |
18.4 |
| 1969-70 |
3.17 |
1.56 |
493 |
23.5 |
| 1970-71 |
3.32 |
1.98 |
594 |
25.2 |
| 1971-72 |
3.61 |
1.43 |
396 |
28.6 |
| 1972-73 |
3.32 |
1.81 |
545 |
26.7 |
| 1973-74 |
3.46 |
1.7 |
493 |
30.4 |
| 1974-75 |
3.68 |
2.25 |
612 |
35.4 |
| 1975-76 |
3.34 |
1.94 |
580 |
31.2 |
| 1976-77 |
3.13 |
1.55 |
496 |
34.4 |
| 1977-78 |
3.58 |
1.65 |
460 |
39.7 |
| 1978-79 |
3.54 |
1.86 |
525 |
39.7 |
| 1979-80 |
3.47 |
1.43 |
411 |
41.9 |
| 1980-81 |
4.11 |
2.3 |
560 |
43.7 |
| 1981-82 |
4.4 |
2.38 |
541 |
44.9 |
| 1982-83 |
3.83 |
2.21 |
577 |
44 |
| 1983-84 |
3.87 |
2.61 |
673 |
46.6 |
| 1984-85 |
3.99 |
3.07 |
771 |
53.3 |
| 1985-86 |
3.98 |
2.68 |
674 |
51.3 |
| 1986-87 |
3.72 |
2.6 |
700 |
51.8 |
| 1987-88 |
4.62 |
3.45 |
748 |
54.7 |
| 1988-89 |
4.83 |
4.38 |
906 |
60 |
| 1989-90 |
4.97 |
4.13 |
831 |
61.6 |
| 1990-91 |
5.78 |
5.23 |
904 |
59.8 |
| 1991-92 |
6.55 |
5.86 |
895 |
63.9 |
| 1992-93 |
6.19 |
4.8 |
776 |
60 |
| 1993-94 |
6.29 |
5.33 |
847 |
59.4 |
| 1994-95 |
6.01 |
5.76 |
958 |
62.4 |
| 1995-96 |
6.55 |
6 |
916 |
66.3 |
| 1996-97 |
6.55 |
6.66 |
1017 |
. |
| 1997-98 |
7.06 |
4.71 |
667 |
. |
| STATE-WISE
AREA, PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF RAPESEED AND MUSTARD(1997-98) |
| STATE |
AREA
(M.HECTS) |
% OF TOTAL
AREA |
PRODUCTION
(M.TONNES) |
% OF TOTAL
PRODUCTION |
YIELD
(KGS/HECT) |
% COVERAGE UNDER
IRRIGATION (1995-96) |
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
12 |
| ASSAM |
0.28 |
4 |
0.15 |
3.2 |
554 |
- |
| BIHAR |
0.1 |
1.4 |
0.09 |
1.9 |
887 |
33.3 |
| GUJARAT |
0.35 |
5 |
0.35 |
7.4 |
1013 |
97.8 |
| HARYANA |
0.56 |
7.9 |
0.37 |
7.9 |
667 |
66.8 |
| MADHYA
PRADESH |
0.74 |
10.5 |
0.42 |
8.9 |
574 |
45.3 |
| PUNJAB |
0.07 |
1 |
0.06 |
1.3 |
871 |
87.4 |
| RAJASTHAN |
3.28 |
46.5 |
2.19 |
46.5 |
670 |
73.4 |
| UTTAR
PRADESH |
1.2 |
17 |
0.71 |
15.1 |
593 |
75.2 |
| WEST
BENGAL |
0.33 |
4.7 |
0.25 |
5.3 |
767 |
85.2 |
| OTHERS |
0.15 |
2.1 |
0.12 |
2.5 |
. |
. |
| ALL-INDIA |
7.06 |
100 |
4.71 |
100 |
667 |
66.3 |
Factors influencing the prices
- Various supply-demand factors
revolving around the global edible oil scenario.
- The seasonal nature of the
production
- Its high susceptibility to natural
fallacies
- Wide consumption of its
derivatives (oil and meal)
- The nature of the existing supply
- Value chain
- The present dependence on the
other edible oils
- Oilseeds traded in the country and
abroad
- The ups and downs in production
- Arrivals in the mandi
- International prices of other
oilseeds and oils
- Heavy presence of speculators and
stockists
- The presence of a large
unorganised crushing sector
Mustard producing climate
Mustard is cultivated in most temperate climates. It is also now grown
in certain tropical and sub-tropical regions as a cold-weather crop. The
production from Rajasthan is highly monsoon dependent.
Sowing period: October-November
Harvesting period: February - March
Production and Consumption
The World production has increased from 26.8 million tons in 1993-94 to
36.54 million tons in 2001-02; production
Consumption of this oilseed grew at the rate of 4.65% and 5.03%
respectively during the last decade. Annual export trade of rapeseed
stands at around 3 million tons.
The commodity has been commercially exploited in the form of seeds, oil
and meal. The hybrid form of rapeseed known as canola in overseas market
is more popular internationally. Rapeseed, as 'canola' is actively
traded at the Winnipeg Commodity Exchange (WCE) in Canada.
The Indian Scenario
Rapeseed has been a traditionally important oilseed crop in the
country. Its production has been fluctuating in the range of 4.6-5
million tons over the last few years.
The average production in the country in the last decade has been
around 5.3 - 5.4 million tons. About 1.5 lakh tons is retained for
sowing and direct consumption as 'seed', leaving about 4.8-5.1 million
tons for crushing and extracting oil. It is a major Rabi crop. Rajasthan
and Uttar Pradesh are the major rapeseed producing States in the
country. Together, they produce about 50% of the crop.
Rapeseed/Mustard is one of the major sources of oil and meal to India.
It supplies over 1.5 million tons of oil and 3-3.2 million tons of meal.
Being an important source of edible oil and feed meal to the country,
rapeseed is undoubtedly the focus of Indian oilseed industry. Efforts
are being made both by the Government of India and the industry
associations to increase production of this vital source of edible oil
and meal.
Properties
Mustard seeds eliminate the excessive humours of phlegm and bile in the
body. It is sharp, hot, an appetizer and causes plethora. It is
beneficial in many diseases like eczema, leprosy, flatulence, and throat
diseases. It also helps in the elimination of the worms and the
intestines.
Uses
- Eating Mustard seeds, which are
crushed in honey, cures coryza.
- Swallowing mustard seeds soaked in
mustard oil, cures stomachache. Swallowing three grams of powdered
mustard seeds with water, cures stomachache as well as indigestion
- Drinking water which is warm and
in which, 6 grams of mustard seeds and salt are mixed, extracts
poison from the body in the form of vomit.
- If the mixture of three grams of
powdered mustard seeds and three grams of asafoetida is given to a
pregnant woman she gets aborted.
- If a paste made of powdered
mustard seeds and powdered mineral salts is applied on the part
which is affected by swelling, it decreases.
- Massaging the body with mustard
oil is very beneficial as it cures flatulence and makes the body
strong.
Note - Mustard seeds when taken
in small quantity, helps in digestion, is an appetizer, a stimulant etc;
but its excessive use causes vomit.
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